1.
|
Simple present
|
Active
passive
|
We
OB on RCTI
|
watched
is watched
|
OB on RCTI
(by us)
|
everyday.
everyday.
|
2.
|
Simple past
|
Active
passive
|
Rita
A letter
|
wrote
was written
|
a letter
by Rita
|
yesterday.
yesterday.
|
3.
|
Simple Future
|
Active
passive
|
My family
A villa
|
will rent
will be rent
|
a villa
by my family
|
for holiday.
for holiday.
|
When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following:
-
the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence
-
the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle)
-
the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped)
|
Agent
In a passive clause, we usually use a phrase beginning with by if we want to mention the agent – the person or thing that does the action, or that causes what happens.
Examples:
My mother makes sandwich every morning.
Subject verb1+s/es O C (adv. of time)
Sandwich is made by my mother every morning.
Subject to be+V3 Agent C (adv. of time)
|
present continuous : [ S + to be + being +V3 (past participle)
present perfect: [ S + has/have + been + V3 (past participle)
|
present continuous
|
Active
Passive
|
A young boy is catching a butterfly.
A butterfly is being caught by a young boy.
|
present perfect
|
Active
Passive
|
Yano has returned the book to the library.
The book has been returned to the library by Yano.
|
If you want to change an active sentence which has two objects into its passive forms, there are two ways:
-
1. Make its indirect object into the subject of the passive sentence.
-
2. Make its direct object into the subject of the passive sentence.
|
Examples:
Active:
|
John is giving his girl-friend a bunch of flower.
indirect object direct object
|
Passive:
The indirect object as the subject
|
John’s girl-friend is being given a bunch of flower.
|
Passive:
The direct object as the subject
|
A bunch of flower is being given to John’s girl-friend.
|